Does the meals packaging out of your favourite quick meals or quick informal restaurant include poisonous PFAS “endlessly chemical substances?” These chemical substances could make your meal extra poisonous and should take many years to interrupt down in your physique. This was precisely the concern Mamavation neighborhood members had once they requested us about which eating places had the most secure meals packaging.
Quick meals occurs and we wish to aid you navigate that. You’ve got trusted Mamavation to cowl matters like most secure cookware sans PFAS “endlessly chemical substances,” most secure yoga pants sans PFAS within the crotch, and most secure water filters to take away PFAS, now be a part of us for an additional shopper examine on the most secure meals packaging by the restaurant.
Disclosure: This shopper examine is launched in partnership with Environmental Well being Information and BoldTV.
Scientific critiques have been carried out by (1) Terrence Collins, Teresa Heinz Professor of Inexperienced Chemistry and Director of the Institute for Inexperienced Sciences at Carnegie Mellon College, (2) Linda S. Birnbaum, Scientist Emeritus and Former Director of the Nationwide Institute of Environmental Well being Sciences and Nationwide Toxicology Program and Scholar at Residence at Duke College, North Carolina College, and Yale College, (3) Pete Myers, Chief Scientist at Environmental Well being Sciences, Adjunct Professor of Chemistry at Carnegie Mellon College, and co-author of Our Stolen Future, and (4) Scott Belcher, Affiliate Professor with the Heart for Environmental and Well being Results of PFAS at North Carolina State College.
This put up was medically reviewed by Sondra Strand, RN, BSN, PHN. Donations have been supplied by Environmental Well being Information and Mamavation neighborhood members. Mamavation has solely “spot-checked” the business and thus we can not make predictions about manufacturers and merchandise that we have now not examined. Merchandise and manufacturing aides can change with out discover so purchaser beware.
This put up accommodates affiliate hyperlinks, with some to Amazon, which implies Mamavation will obtain a portion of these gross sales and we’ll use that to pay ourselves again for the testing. You can even give a tax-deductible donation to our shopper research right here by means of Environmental Well being Sciences. Click on “sure” when requested if the reward is in honor of somebody and kind “Mamavation.” Thanks!
Mamavation Finds PFAS ‘Ceaselessly Chemical compounds’ in Quick Meals and Informal Packaging Throughout California
Mamavation despatched 81 items of quick meals and quick informal meals packaging off to an EPA-certified lab to check for indications of PFAS “endlessly chemical substances.” PFAS are per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances which were used for a lot of many years as stain-resistant, oil-resistant, grease-resistant, and water resistant chemical substances in commerce.
PFAS is discovered in lots of areas of our houses with some examples being cookware, make-up, ingesting water, contact lenses and dental floss. These chemical substances are linked to critical well being results, which we’ll focus on later.
As a result of PFAS are so poisonous, Mamavation has commissioned our personal scientific research on indications of PFAS “endlessly chemical substances” to make suggestions on quick meals and quick informal eating places with safer packaging.
These checks have been additionally carried out throughout a really particular time when a brand new California meals packaging regulation got here on-line — AB 1200. AB 1200 banned PFAS in meals packaging beginning January 1, 2023. Mamavation examined packaging earlier than and after this to make sure compliance and report again to our neighborhood. This is what we discovered throughout our investigation:
• 35% of the items of meals packaging that have been despatched to our testing laboratory had indications of PFAS “endlessly chemical substances,” whereas 65% of the packaging was non-detect. We examined a complete of 81 items of quick meals and quick informal packaging.
• Out of the 32 quick meals and quick informal manufacturers that have been examined inside California, about 38% of them had indications of PFAS “endlessly chemical substances” inside their packaging, which was 12 manufacturers.
• Ranges of natural fluorine reported by the laboratory ranged from 10 ppm to 469 ppm. Technically the regulation states that no “intentional” PFAS may be current, however it additionally calls out 100 ppm as the utmost allowed if unintentional.
• Though California handed AB 1200 into regulation banning “intentional” PFAS in meals packaging, we’re nonetheless seeing about 35% detections above 10 ppm, which is the detection stage. Is that this exterior the regulation?
It is unclear and subsequently we’re in assist of latest laws from Assemblymember Ting’s workplace (AB 347) that will add a lot wanted enforcement on this concern within the State of California. As involved dad and mom, we’re calling upon legislators to move and Governor Newsome to signal AB 347 into regulation. (Or one thing comparable quickly!)
Linda S. Birnbaum, Scientist Emeritus and Former Director of the Nationwide Institute of Environmental Well being Sciences and Nationwide Toxicology Program and Adjunct Professor at Duke College, College of North Carolina, and Yale College, stated, “Quick meals packaging is likely one of the primary ways in which customers are repeatedly uncovered to PFAS chemical substances.
We assist States that move laws to curtail these issues, however we fear that manufacturers could have simply moved their extra poisonous packaging to different states that permit it. So the subsequent step right here to guard customers can be federal laws banning PFAS in meals packaging so that each one states comply. That is important to guard the general public.”
PFAS Is Problematic to Human Well being and Can Final for A long time in Your Physique
Poisonous PFAS chemical substances are helpful giving us stain repellency, grease repellency, and water repellency, so it is no marvel they’re utilized in meals packaging. Nonetheless, they’re additionally very problematic to the surroundings and human well being. PFAS chemical substances are ubiquitous, persistent, and poisonous. Many of those PFAS chemical substances can final for years and even many years in our our bodies.
Pregnant girls and kids are essentially the most susceptible to the results of poisonous chemical substances within the surroundings, like PFAS. The event of a kid may be disrupted by poisonous chemical substances that mimic pure hormones in such a method which can be everlasting and profound.
Due to this fact, it is crucial to cut back the quantity of PFAS your kids are uncovered to from meals, water, and shopper merchandise. Mamavation is devoted to serving to you try this. Listed here are among the well being results of various PFAS “endlessly chemical substances:”
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Diminished vaccination response |
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Elevated threat of allergic reactions and bronchial asthma in younger kids |
Affected development, studying, and habits of infants and older kids |
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Improve levels of cholesterol |
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Lowered a lady’s probability of getting pregnant |
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Causes endocrine disruption |
It is also very clear primarily based on biomonitoring proof from the Facilities for Illness Management and Prevention (CDC) that PFAS are in basically all People. Due to this fact, these impacts can hurt most People.
Pete Myers, Chief Scientist at Environmental Well being Sciences, Adjunct Professor of Chemistry at Carnegie Mellon College, and co-author of Our Stolen Future had this to say: “I can not think about that any American remotely aware of the dangerous results of PFAS chemical substances gave the businesses promoting quick meals in PFAS-contaminated meals packaging permission so as to add PFAS to their merchandise.
But that is what is going on! And which means these chemical substances are in us and our kids and grandchildren.”
What Is PFAS Doing in My Hamburger Wrapper and Who Is in Cost of Eradicating It?
PFAS “endlessly chemical substances” have been used for many years in quick meals and quick informal packaging due to their grease-resistant and water resistant qualities. Nonetheless, due to their persistence and omnipresence, this widespread contamination of PFAS will value taxpayers billions to wash up from ingesting water and soil.
Have the Feds taken motion right here but? The Division of Protection has banned PFAS in Army Meals Learn-to-Eat (MREs) which began in 2021. Nonetheless, most of this alteration has been state-led.
Due to the persistence of PFAS, a number of states are taking motion to guard residents from PFAS in meals packaging. Maine and Minnesota have adopted a coverage to ban all makes use of of PFAS until the use is critical for public well being. All advised, twelve states have handed laws to curtail PFAS in meals packaging particularly:
We did testing to see if California’s new meals packaging regulation is being adopted. In line with AB 1200, “Regulated perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances or PFAS” means both of the next: (A) PFAS {that a} producer has deliberately added to a product and which have a practical or technical impact within the product, together with the PFAS parts of deliberately added chemical substances and PFAS which can be intentional breakdown merchandise of an added chemical that even have a practical or technical impact within the product.
(B) The presence of PFAS in a product or product element at or above 100 elements per million, as measured in whole natural fluorine.
Mamavation examined and located meals packaging merchandise over 100 ppm utilizing the tactic specified by the California regulation, which took impact on January 1, 2023. Our outcomes present that particular firms have been or nonetheless are working exterior this new regulation. Mamavation will report on who these manufacturers are and all different detections we obtained from the laboratory.
Terrence Collins, Teresa Heinz Professor of Inexperienced Chemistry and Director of the Institute for Inexperienced Sciences at Carnegie Mellon College had this to say:
“Once we purchase meals for our households — our partner, our kids, and our grandchildren — we should always not have to fret about endlessly PFAS chemical substances.
That is very true of little ones! Twenty years in the past, it was recognized hamburger wraps from McDonald’s have been contaminated with a couple of half per million of the developmentally disrupting chemical, PFOA, the significantly poisonous PFAS compound that’s the villainous chemical in Mark Ruffalo’s film, ‘Darkish Waters.’
At the moment, it was recognized that PFOA was a potent developmental disruptor from rodent research. In truth, on the time, I quietly endorsed a DuPont scientist hoping she would do one thing about it. But, right here we’re many years later with this fear nonetheless hanging over us. It’s most likely not PFOA immediately inside meals wraps, however totally different ingested PFAS compounds.
Nonetheless, the identical rule applies as a result of they’re unlikely to be excreted shortly and really laborious to do away with. The info hole on what they could do to us appears to me to be a bit just like the Marianas Trench. In different phrases, there may be A LOT we do not know. I want I may cease flinching each time I purchase meals wrapped in paper with a shiny coating. We have to get past this unacceptable threat and ban all PFAS in meals packaging.
Meals packaging chemical substances can present up somewhere else you wouldn’t anticipate which brings extra urgency. Even when ingested PFAS from contaminated meals is excreted, a few of it probably takes up residence within the micro organism in our sewage remedy crops that develop on the natural matter we excrete.
This turns into ‘biosolids’ which may be unfold on farmland. What number of magnificent farms will we have now to close down sooner or later as a result of their house owners made the error of utilizing this ‘sewage sludge’ fertilizer? PFAS has endurance. It is now contaminating farmland and meat merchandise. When will new federal regulatory limits grow to be a actuality?”
Normal Tips about Keep away from PFAS
It isn’t doable to keep away from all PFAS publicity as a result of it is so ubiquitous within the surroundings, nonetheless, it is doable to reduce the quantity we’re uncovered to. Focus your efforts on decreasing general publicity in areas you possibly can management like inside your house. As a substitute of fretting in regards to the concern, vote along with your {dollars}, share invaluable info with family and friends, and let your elected representatives know the way you’re feeling about this concern.
Listed here are some issues Mamavation may also help you with to reduce the quantity of PFAS your loved ones is uncovered to:
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Meals / Drinks / Water |
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Cookware / Bakeware |
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Private Care |
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Clothes |
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Bed room |
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Indoor Air High quality |
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Kids’s Merchandise |
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Misc |
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Different Industries Mamavation Has PFAS ‘Ceaselessly Chemical’ Client Research
Earlier than we launch into the uncooked knowledge from our lab, we wished to remind you about all the opposite research we have now carried out on indications of PFAS “endlessly chemical substances” contained in the meals and shopper merchandise chances are you’ll carry inside your house.
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Nut butters (peanut butter, and so forth.) |
Cooking oils (olive oil, almond oil, canola oil, and so forth.) |
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Activewear (yoga pants) |
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Restaurant Manufacturers Planning PFAS-Free Modifications to Quick Meals Packaging — How Did They Do?
Mamavation was not the primary group to have a look at indications of PFAS in quick meals packaging. Client Studies revealed an identical shopper examine on meals packaging in 2022.
Primarily based on work from Client Studies and our companions on the Thoughts the Retailer Marketing campaign, companions of Poisonous-Free Future, we have seen some nice strides in manufacturers making commitments to alter their packaging nationwide. Listed here are a few of these manufacturers which have made commitments to wash up their packaging nationwide to this point. You will word that a few of them have carried out higher than others.
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Restaurant Manufacturers Worldwide, which owns Burger King, Tim Hortons, and Popeyes, introduced plans to part out these chemical substances in its meals packaging worldwide by 2025. (We examined Popeyes and Burger King and located detections below 100 ppm, nonetheless, we’re unaware if these contaminations are intentional.) |
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Chick-fil-A introduced an identical dedication to part out these chemical substances in packaging by the top of this summer time 2022. Sadly, this dedication has disappeared from Twitter, however we have now left that hyperlink up so that you can see. Fortunately, additionally they introduced on their web site saying they’d take away all “deliberately added PFAS.” (We examined them in early 2023 and located points with their packaging below 100 ppm, nonetheless, we’re unaware if these contaminations are intentional.) |
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Starbucks introduced they’ll don’t have any PFAS in meals packaging by the top of 2022 in the USA and 2023 internationally. (We examined their 2022 finish of packaging and the start of 2023 and located them to be a bit of late with this rollout and are not sure in the event that they rolled it out nationwide or simply in California first.) |
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McDonald’s introduced in 2021 that they’d take away PFAS added from “visitor packaging supplies globally” by 2025. (We examined them in 2022 and 2023 and located points that have been worse in 2022, nonetheless, we’re unaware if these detections are intentional.) |
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Panera communicated to the Thoughts the Retailer marketing campaign they would come with “a past restricted substances record (BRSL) for meals packaging that features PFAS, bisphenols, and phthalates, and in 2020 the corporate converted to PFAS-free baguette baggage and eradicated PFAS in virtually all to-go meals packaging.” (When Mamavation examined, we discovered some points however under 100 ppm, so we’re not sure if these contaminations are intentional.) |
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Sweetgreen introduced in March 2020 they’d part PFAS out of its molded fiber bowls by the top of 2020. (They did not. We reached out to them in late 2022 to allow them to know we discovered regarding indications of PFAS inside their bowls and have been going to publish these outcomes. A couple of months later, they introduced nationwide adjustments to their bowls. We retested these bowls they usually have been non-detect in spring 2023.) |
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Taco Bell introduced in 2020 that they have been going to take away PFAS by 2025. (We examined one in all their taco wrappers and it was non-detect!) |
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Wendy’s introduced in 2021 they’d have all their packaging within the US and Canada PFAS-free by the top of 2021. (We examined a few meals packaging gadgets they usually have been all non-detect!) |
Mamavation’s Investigation on Quick Meals and Quick Informal Eating places in Principally California — Uncooked Information
Mamavation despatched 81 items of quick meals and quick informal packaging to an EPA-certified lab on the lookout for indications of PFAS “endlessly chemical substances.” The precise lab technique utilized by Mamavation examined for whole fluorine by utilizing the Dedication of Whole Fluorine by Oxygen Flask Combustion and Ion-Selective Electrode.
If detectable whole fluorine was noticed at a detection stage of 10ppm, the lab did the Dedication of free Fluoride Ion within the pill by Ion-Selective Electrode after which subtracted that from the Whole Fluorine to find out the quantity of natural fluorine.
Natural fluorine testing is marker testing. There are over 15,000 totally different PFAS chemical substances and it is unimaginable to establish all of them. In truth, it is solely doable to establish about 100 or so in a very good business lab. Due to this fact, we do marker testing as a substitute on the lookout for the component all of them have in widespread — natural fluorine. What else may natural fluorine presumably include aside from PFAS? Nothing you wish to sip from.
The opposite primary potentialities are different fluoropolymers, prescribed drugs, and customary hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants, akin to 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (generally often known as R-134a) and a pair of,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (generally often known as HFO-1234yf). These are additionally all PFAS.
Scott Belcher, Ph.D. and Affiliate Professor with the Heart for Environmental and Well being Results of PFAS at North Carolina State College says “fluoropolymers, akin to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), are extraordinarily widespread types of PFAS that could possibly be contributing to the natural fluorine present in quick meals packaging.
Strategies used for detecting particular person PFAS, akin to PFOA or GenX, can not straight establish PTFE. Nonetheless, the evaluation of whole natural fluorine does account for all PFAS contaminants in quick meals packaging, together with PTFE. Due to this fact, this technique of testing serves as ‘spot-check’ of shopper merchandise, akin to meals packaging.”
• Not Our Favourite Quick Meals and Quick Informal Restaurant Packaging (Yikes!) — Packaging from these eating places was despatched to an EPA-certified laboratory on the lookout for indications of PFAS “endlessly chemical substances” and was discovered to be above 100 elements per million (ppm) natural fluorine with not less than one merchandise. That is the de facto restrict within the State of California, the laws, nonetheless, is a bit murky on the precise particulars and there may be zero enforcement as of now.
We all know as a result of we took these outcomes to totally different District Attorneys of various counties in California and nothing occurred.
It is also essential to know that even when some manufacturers modified their packaging in California, we’re nonetheless exhibiting you what we discovered as a result of we’re not sure what these manufacturers have carried out in different states with out this laws. These 5 quick meals retailers all had not less than one product with PFAS ranges above the restrict set by the brand new California regulation after January 1, 2023.
◦ Jack-in-the-Field (burger wrapper) — 310 ppm natural fluorine (consequence earlier than January 1, 2023). Then burger wrapper was 24 ppm natural fluorine (consequence after January 1, 2023). Jack-in-the-Field hamburger carton and french fry carton have been non-detect natural fluorine earlier than January 1, 2023. We’re not sure if this new packaging has been rolled out nationwide.
◦ KFC (bucket of fried hen) — 343 ppm natural fluorine (consequence after January 1, 2023). We additionally examined their biscuit field 15 ppm natural fluorine (consequence after January 1, 2023).
◦ McDonald’s (Filet-o-fish burger carton) — 233 ppm natural fluorine (outcomes earlier than January 1, 2023), then 16 ppm natural fluorine and 11 ppm natural fluorine in two totally different counties in California after January 1, 2023. We examined a Huge Mac burger carton and obtained a results of 16 ppm natural fluorine earlier than January 1, 2023.
We examined a French fry carton and obtained non-detect outcomes earlier than January 1, 2023. Lastly, we examined a 10-piece Rooster McNugget field and obtained a results of non-detect earlier than January 1, 2023. We’re not sure if this new packaging has been rolled out nationwide.
◦ Mr. Beast Burger (burger wrapper) — 333 ppm natural fluorine (consequence after January 1, 2023), 394 ppm natural fluorine (consequence earlier than January 1, 2023). [Note: We reached out to Mr. Beast before January 1, 2023 a few times (because my kids were fans and begged me to) and did not receive any response.]
◦ Starbucks (sandwich wrapper) — 231 ppm natural fluorine (consequence after January 1, 2023), 324 ppm natural fluorine (consequence earlier than January 1, 2023). As well as, we examined their espresso cup with non-detect outcomes and we examined their egg cup wrappers with non-detect outcomes. The most recent check of Starbucks’s sandwich wrapper in California in June was non-detect, nonetheless, we’re not sure what these outcomes would appear like nationwide.
• Higher Quick Meals and Quick Informal Restaurant Packaging (Nonetheless Yikes!) — Packaging from these eating places was despatched to an EPA-certified laboratory on the lookout for indications of PFAS “endlessly chemical substances” and was discovered to have some points, nonetheless, they weren’t above the motion stage of California which is round 100 ppm natural fluorine.
These manufacturers might also have had points earlier than the date of January 1, 2023 and should have “cleaned up” the packaging in California however we’re not sure about the remainder of the nation. Warning can be warranted right here. These six retailers had no merchandise that exceeded California requirements, however they nonetheless had measurable ranges of PFAS. They need to work more durable to maintain their merchandise PFAS-free.
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Buffalo Wild Wings (wildwings clamshell) — 40 ppm natural fluorine (up to date with more information August 2024). |
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Burger King (sandwich wrapper) — 61 ppm natural fluorine, hen sandwich wrapper 14 ppm natural fluorine, and hen fries field non-detect natural fluorine. |
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California Pizza Kitchen (pizza field) — 14 ppm natural fluorine (outcomes from after January 1, 2023). |
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Chick-Fil-A (sandwich wrappers, french fry field) — 18 ppm natural fluorine from white sandwich wrapper, non-detect natural fluorine from the foil-wrapped sandwich wrapper, 13 ppm from the french fry field. All outcomes after January 1, 2023. |
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El Pollo Loco (tortilla baggie) — 11 ppm natural fluorine (up to date with more information August 2024). |
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Jersey Mikes (sandwich wrapper) — Non-detect natural fluorine for sandwich wrapper, and 12 ppm sandwich tub (California outcomes after January 1, 2023) (up to date with more information August 2024). |
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Panera (sandwich wrapper) — 22 ppm natural fluorine (consequence after January 1, 2023). Panera sandwich field 19 ppm natural fluorine (consequence after January 1, 2023). |
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Popeyes (french fries wrapper) — 25 ppm natural fluorine, hen burger wrapper was 10 ppm, and the Popeye Boat was non-detect (consequence after January 1, 2023). |
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Studio Film Grill (EcoSelect popcorn bag) — 67 ppm natural fluorine (up to date with more information August 2024). |
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Common Studios (wax paper inside donut field) — 80 ppm natural fluorine and donut field was non-detect. |
• Greatest Quick Meals and Quick Informal Restaurant Packaging (*sigh of aid*) — These eighteen quick meals retailers had ranges of PFAS beneath 10 ppm. We despatched packaging from these firms to an EPA-certified laboratory and obtained non-detect outcomes.
We can not say they’ve zero PFAS, however what we will say is PFAS indications weren’t detected above 10 elements per million (ppm), which is the detection stage of the check we’re using. These firms would symbolize the most secure meals packaging. Nonetheless, we’re not suggesting that the meals is nice or wholesome. We’re simply analyzing the packaging.
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Arby’s (sandwich wrapper) — Non-detect natural fluorine (California outcomes earlier than January 1, 2023). |
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Carl’s Jr (internal burger wrapper, outer burger wrapper, and french fry field) — Non-detect natural fluorine (California outcomes earlier than January 1, 2023). |
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Chipotle (takeout bowls) — We examined bowls from California earlier than January 1, 2023, and located non-detect ends in each the adults’ takeout bowls and the youngsters’s takeout clams. We additionally examined after January 1, 2023, and the consequence was additionally non-detect. |
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Select My Plate (field tray) from a public elementary college in Ventura County — Non-detect natural fluorine (California outcomes after January 1, 2023). |
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Chilly Stone Creamery (golden cake backside) — Non-detect natural fluorine (California outcomes after January 1, 2023). |
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Cupids Sizzling Canine (sandwich wrapper) — Non-detect natural fluorine (California outcomes after January 1, 2023). |
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Daphne’s Inexperienced Cafe (clamshell and pita packaging) — Non-detect natural fluorine (California outcomes after January 1, 2023). |
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Dave and Busters (french fry wrapper) — Non-detect natural fluorine (California outcomes after January 1, 2023). |
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Dunkin Donuts (dozen field) — Non-detect natural fluorine (California outcomes after January 1, 2023). |
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In-N-Out Burger (burger wrapper, french fries carton) — Non-detect natural fluorine (California outcomes earlier than January 1, 2023) (We additionally examined them in 2020 and discovered some points which we’re completely satisfied aren’t there anymore!). |
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Little Caesars (pizza field) — Non-detect natural fluorine (California outcomes after January 1, 2023). |
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Crimson Robin (burger wrapper) — Non-detect natural fluorine (California outcomes after January 1, 2023). |
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Subway (sandwich wrapper) — Non-detect natural fluorine (California consequence after January 1, 2023). |
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**Candy Greens (takeout bowl) — 469 ppm natural fluorine (consequence earlier than January 1, 2023). Candy Inexperienced takeout bowl from California after January 1, 2023 with results of 204 ppm. We reached out to Candy Greens and advised them what we have been discovering in 2022. Candy Greens then pulled their bowls nationwide in mid-January 2023 and launched new bowls that we rushed to the lab and the outcomes have been non-detect. As a result of we all know they modified their bowls nationwide, we’re sticking them right here to say thanks!** |
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Taco Bell (taco wrapper) — Non-detect natural fluorine (California outcomes earlier than January 1, 2023). |
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The Behavior (burger wrapper) — Non-detect natural fluorine, fry field was additionally non-detect (California outcomes after January 1, 2023). |
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Wendy’s (hen sandwich wrapper, french fry carton) — Non-detect natural fluorine (California outcomes earlier than January 1, 2023). |
In regards to the Writer
Leah Segedie is the President and Founding father of Mamavation.com. Mamavation produces award-winning content material and impartial shopper research inspecting the intersection of endocrine-disrupting chemical substances (EDCs) and on a regular basis merchandise introduced into American households. She’s been referred to by many as “the actual FDA.”
Since 2008, Mamavation has been serving to on a regular basis mothers navigate the grocery retailer by commissioning shopper research on meals, drinks, private care merchandise, and different such merchandise and thus democratizing science and testing for everybody.