The Union Cupboard of India, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, authorised the Unified Pension Scheme (UPS) on August 24, 2024. This landmark choice introduces a brand new pension system geared toward offering enhanced monetary safety to authorities staff. The UPS stands as an alternative choice to the prevailing Nationwide Pension System (NPS) and the older, discontinued Outdated Pension Scheme (OPS). This text delves into the main points of the UPS, highlighting its key options and the way it differs from the NPS and OPS.
Key Options of the Unified Pension Scheme (UPS)
1. Assured Pension:
Staff below the UPS will obtain a pension equal to 50% of their common primary wage over the past 12 months earlier than retirement. To be eligible, staff will need to have accomplished a minimal of 25 years of service. These with fewer years will obtain a proportionally adjusted quantity.
2. Household Pension:
In case of the pensioner’s loss of life, their household will obtain 60% of the pension quantity that was being disbursed on the time of his loss of life.
3. Minimal Assured Pension:
The scheme ensures a minimal pension of ₹10,000 per 30 days for retirees who’ve accomplished at the very least 10 years of service.
4. Inflation Indexation (Dearness Aid):
Pension quantities, together with household pensions, might be adjusted for inflation, making certain that the worth of the pension retains tempo with rising dwelling prices.
5. Lumpsum Fee:
On the time of retirement, staff will obtain a lump sum cost along with gratuity. It’s 1/tenth of the month-to-month wage (primary pay + DA) for each 6 months of accomplished service. This lump sum cost doesn’t scale back the assured pension.
Implementation
The UPS is about to be carried out on April 1, 2025 and is predicted to profit round 23 lakh central authorities staff. Staff at present below the NPS may have the choice to change to the UPS, and this selection might be last. The scheme can be open to adoption by state governments, which might doubtlessly prolong its advantages to hundreds of thousands extra authorities staff.
Evaluating UPS, NPS, and OPS
Allow us to evaluate UPS with the prevailing NPS and the older OPS on the next parameters.
1. Pension Calculation:
- OPS supplied a hard and fast pension quantity calculated as 50% of the final drawn primary wage.
- The pension quantity in NPS is market-linked and varies based mostly on funding efficiency. There isn’t a assured pension below NPS. Upon retirement, staff can withdraw a portion of the corpus as a lump sum, whereas the remaining quantity have to be used to buy an annuity, which gives a daily pension.
- UPS brings again the idea of a assured pension.
2. Authorities contribution:
- OPS was fully funded by the federal government and was accessible to staff who joined service earlier than 2004. No wage deductions have been made for pension contributions.
- The Nationwide Pension System, launched in 2004, is an outlined contribution scheme. The federal government contributes 14% of the worker’s wage to the pension fund, whereas the worker contributes 10%.
- The federal government’s contribution below the UPS has been elevated to 18.5%, offering a larger degree of assist in comparison with the NPS. Worker contributions stay the identical as below NPS.
3. Inflation safety:
- In OPS, pensions have been adjusted periodically based mostly on inflation.
- NPS provides no direct inflation safety; pension is dependent upon the efficiency of the funding portfolio.
- UPS takes under consideration the affect of inflation.
4. Alternative and suppleness:
- No selection was provided; all eligible staff have been mechanically enrolled in OPS.
- Staff have the flexibleness to decide on their pension fund managers and funding choices inside NPS, however they’re topic to market dangers.
- Staff have the one-time option to choose between NPS and UPS.
5. Household Pension:
- Beneath OPS, a household pension was supplied to the partner or eligible relations of the pensioner.
- NPS doesn’t have a devoted household pension plan; nevertheless, the remaining corpus will be transferred to the nominee upon the loss of life of the subscriber.
- UPS: In case of the pensioner’s loss of life, the household receives 60% of the pension.
The desk beneath provides an in depth comparability between the three schemes.
| Function | Outdated Pension Scheme (OPS) | Nationwide Pension System (NPS) | Unified Pension Scheme (UPS) |
| Pension Sort | Outlined Profit | Outlined Contribution | Outlined Profit |
| Worker Contribution | None | 10% of Primary + DA | 10% of Primary + DA |
| AuthoritiesContribution | Full Funding | 14% of Primary + DA | 18.5% of Primary + DA |
| Pension Assure | Sure | No | Sure |
| Market Danger | None | Sure | No |
| Inflation Adjustment | Sure | No | Sure |
| Household Pension | Sure | No (corpus to nominee) | Sure (60% of pension) |
| Minimal Pension | Not specified | No | ₹10,000 per 30 days |
| Lump-Sum Fee | Gratuity | Partial Withdrawal | Lump-Sum + Pension |
Conclusion
The Outdated Pension Scheme (OPS) supplied a dependable and predictable retirement profit however was financially unsustainable for the federal government. It posed a big monetary burden on the federal government as a result of assured advantages and inflation changes. The Nationwide Pension System (NPS) addressed these considerations by shifting the chance to the worker and linking pensions to market efficiency. However NPS was criticized by a number of authorities staff for the shortage of assuredness within the pension payout. Therefore, UPS might doubtlessly supply the very best of each worlds, making certain monetary safety for workers whereas additionally addressing the federal government’s long-term fiscal challenges.